Pemasangan XMMS

Oleh kerana Hardy Heron tidak memuatkan bersamanya XMMS namun bagi penggemar xmms tidak perlu bimbang.Tutorial pemasangan XMMS boleh anda lawati di www.mydungun.net

untuk membuat pelancar ikon xmms,

1) cd /usr/share/pixmaps
2) sudo wget http://www.gorlizirratia.com/images/online/xmms.png
3) klik kanan pada panel bar
4) edit menus
5) Pada main menu tersebut , klik pada sounds & video
6) add new item
7) type : applications
name : xmms
command : xmms
comment : xmms
8) klik pada butang ikon
9)pada bar browse tersebut taip /usr/share/pixmaps dan pilih ikon xmms
10)selesai

Terima kasih saudara En.lanun

Pakej naiktaraf terkini

The following packages will be upgraded:
avant-window-navigator-data-trunk avant-window-navigator-trunk awn-extras-applets-trunk
awn-manager-trunk cpp evolution evolution-common evolution-data-server
evolution-data-server-common evolution-plugins g++ g++-multilib gcc gdb gfortran libawn0-trunk
libcamel1.2-11 libebook1.2-9 libecal1.2-7 libedata-book1.2-2 libedata-cal1.2-6
libedataserver1.2-9 libedataserverui1.2-8 libegroupwise1.2-13 libexchange-storage1.2-3
libgcj-common libgdata-google1.2-1 libgdata1.2-1 libmysqlclient15off mysql-client
mysql-client-5.0 mysql-common python-awn-trunk
33 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 37.1MB of archives.
After this operation, 94.2kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]?

Pemasangan LAMP di dalam Ubuntu

Sistem LAMP terdiri daripada Linux,Apache,MySQL dan PHP yang mana dalam ia digunakan di dalam pembinaan halaman web.Berikut adalah panduan pemasangannya di dalam linux.

A.Pemasangan pelayan LAMP (LAMP Server) ke dalam Desktop atau Laptop anda.

1.

System-->Administration-->Synaptic Package Manager-->Edit-->Mark Packages by Task-->LAMP server -->Apply

2.Seterusnya,untuk pembangunan website anda perlu memasang Apache2, PHP5, MySql5, dan PHPMyAdmin.

sudo apt-get install apache2 php5 mysql-server-5.0 phpmyadmin

3.Semasa pemasangan MySQL,masukkan password utk root anda.

4.Seterusnya sudo gedit /etc/apache2/apache2.conf dan tambah arahan di bawah ini ke dalam barisan akhir fail tersebut.

# Enable PHPMyAdmin
Include /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf

5.Kemudian,restart apache tersebut dengan melancarkan arahan di bawah,

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Diharapkan segalanya beroperasi dengan baik dan taip http://127.0.0.1 dan http://127.0.0.1/phpmyadminuntuk Pengurusan Pengkalan Data (database administration). Webroot terletak di dalam direktori /var/www/ .

Sekiranya anda menghadapi masalah kegagalan pemasangan password untuk MySQL,sila layari MysqlPasswordReset

B.Memasang host maya (virtual host) ke dalam pelayan LAMP

Mungkin anda agak bosan dengan menggunakan localhost atau 129.0.0.1,jadi anda boleh membuat host baru.

1.System --> Administration --> Network
2.Klik pada butang "unlock",masukkan katakunci anda.
3.kemudian klik pada tab host dan tambahkan "entry" baru.
4.Masukkan ip pilihan anda dan tukar alias tersebut sebagai contoh "hostpengujian"
5.kemudian taip ke dalam terminal

sudo gedit /etc/apache2/httpd.conf

6.Berkemungkinan ia merupakan fail baru dan tambah arahan di bawah ini ke dalam fail tersebut









7. Sekarang anda boleh menambah fail ke dalam /home/dan/www malah anda boleh melawati hostpengujian

Pakej naiktaraf terkini

Berikut adalah pakej naiktaraf terkini untuk Ubuntu 8.04 pada laptop saya,


phyz@phynix:~$ sudo apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
apport apport-gtk avant-window-navigator-data-trunk
avant-window-navigator-trunk awn-extras-applets-trunk awn-manager-trunk gdm
gnome-keyring libawn0-trunk libgnome-keyring-dev libgnome-keyring0
libpam-gnome-keyring linux-restricted-modules-2.6.24-17-generic
linux-restricted-modules-common linux-ubuntu-modules-2.6.24-17-generic
python-apport python-awn-trunk python-problem-report
18 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 29.2MB of archives.
After this operation, 57.3kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]?


Adobe Photoshop C2 di dalam Ubuntu?

Mungkin sebilangan daripada kita biasa menggunakan perisian Adobe Photoshop di dalam Operasi Windows dan sebaik sahaja beralih kepada operasi Linux,kita akan menjadi kelok untuk menggunakan perisian untuk edit gambar sebagai contohnya The Gimp.

Usah bimbang kerana anda mampu untuk memasang perisian Adobe Photoshop juga ke dalam komputer linux anda dengan menggunakan aplikasi "Wine".

Berikut adalah pautan bagaimana pemasangan Adobe Photoshop dilakukan....Adobe Photoshop CS2 in Ubuntu

Pemasangan Modem HSFM

Berikut adalah pemasangan modem FM 56k yang terdapat di dalam Laptop ACER Aspire 5052 ANWXMi

1.wget http://www.linuxant.com/drivers/hsf/full/archive/hsfmodem-7.68.00.10full/hsfmodem_7.68.00.10full_k2.6.24_16_generic_ubuntu_i386.deb.zip

2. unzip -v hsfmodem_7.68.00.10full_k2.6.24_16_generic_ubuntu_i386.deb.zip atau unzip -v hsfmodem*.deb.zip

3. sudo dpkg -i hsfmodem_7.68.00.10full_k2.6.24_16_generic_ubuntu_i386.deb atau sudo dpkg -i hsfmodem*.deb

4. sudo wvdialconf /etc/wvdial.conf

5. sudo gedit /etc/wvdial.conf[/i]masukkan maklumat yang diperlukan,save & close

6. wvdial

Tux Droid

Menarik bukan?









Sila layari wwww.kysoh.com

Kegunaan arahan dmidecode

Berikut adalah arahan bagi mendapatkan spesifikasi lengkap sesebuah komputer

Sebagai contoh bagi Notebook Compaq Presario V3658TU adalah seperti langkah berikut:-

phyz@phynix:~$ sudo dmidecode 2.7
# dmidecode 2.9
SMBIOS 2.4 present.
35 structures occupying 1281 bytes.
Table at 0x5F6DF000.

Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
BIOS Information
Vendor: Phoenix
Version: F.25
Release Date: 01/04/2008
Address: 0xE6600
Runtime Size: 104960 bytes
ROM Size: 1024 kB
Characteristics:
ISA is supported
PCI is supported
PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported
PNP is supported
BIOS is upgradeable
BIOS shadowing is allowed
ESCD support is available
Boot from CD is supported
ACPI is supported
USB legacy is supported
AGP is supported
BIOS boot specification is supported
Targeted content distribution is supported
BIOS Revision: 15.37
Firmware Revision: 128.72

Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes
System Information
Manufacturer: Hewlett-Packard
Product Name: Presario V3500 Notebook PC
Version: F.25
Serial Number: 2CE802200S
UUID: 22F22260-C6EB-11DC-BC3D-DE595D61143F
Wake-up Type: Power Switch
SKU Number: GZ376PA#UUF
Family: 103C_5335KV

Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 8 bytes
Base Board Information
Manufacturer: Wistron
Product Name: 30CD
Version: 80.48
Serial Number:

Handle 0x0003, DMI type 3, 17 bytes
Chassis Information
Manufacturer: Hewlett-Packard
Type: Notebook
Lock: Not Present
Version: N/A
Serial Number:
Asset Tag:
Boot-up State: Safe
Power Supply State: Safe
Thermal State: Safe
Security Status: None
OEM Information: 0x00000005

Handle 0x0004, DMI type 4, 35 bytes
Processor Information
Socket Designation: U2E1
Type: Central Processor
Family: Other
Manufacturer: Intel
ID: FD 06 00 00 FF FB EB BF
Version: Intel(R) Pentium(R) Dual CPU T2330
Voltage: 3.3 V
External Clock: 667 MHz
Max Speed: 1600 MHz
Current Speed: 1600 MHz
Status: Populated, Enabled
Upgrade: ZIF Socket
L1 Cache Handle: 0x0005
L2 Cache Handle: 0x0006
L3 Cache Handle: Not Provided
Serial Number: Not Specified
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Part Number: Not Specified

Handle 0x0005, DMI type 7, 19 bytes
Cache Information
Socket Designation: L1 Cache
Configuration: Enabled, Socketed, Level 1
Operational Mode: Write Back
Location: Internal
Installed Size: 64 KB
Maximum Size: 64 KB
Supported SRAM Types:
Burst
Pipeline Burst
Asynchronous
Installed SRAM Type: Asynchronous
Speed: Unknown
Error Correction Type: Unknown
System Type: Unknown
Associativity: Unknown

Handle 0x0006, DMI type 7, 19 bytes
Cache Information
Socket Designation: L2 Cache
Configuration: Enabled, Socketed, Level 2
Operational Mode: Write Back
Location: Internal
Installed Size: 1024 KB
Maximum Size: 4096 KB
Supported SRAM Types:
Burst
Pipeline Burst
Asynchronous
Installed SRAM Type: Burst
Speed: Unknown
Error Correction Type: Unknown
System Type: Unknown
Associativity: Unknown

Handle 0x0007, DMI type 9, 13 bytes
System Slot Information
Designation: PCMCIA Slot CBUS1
Type: 32-bit PC Card (PCMCIA)
Current Usage: Available
Length: Long
ID: Adapter 0, Socket 0
Characteristics:
5.0 V is provided
3.3 V is provided
PC Card-16 is supported
Cardbus is supported

Handle 0x0008, DMI type 9, 13 bytes
System Slot Information
Designation: PCI Express Slot J6B1
Type: 32-bit PCI Express
Current Usage: In Use
Length: Long
ID: 8
Characteristics:
5.0 V is provided
3.3 V is provided

Handle 0x0009, DMI type 9, 13 bytes
System Slot Information
Designation: PCI Express Slot J8B4
Type: 32-bit PCI Express
Current Usage: Available
Length: Long
ID: 9
Characteristics:
5.0 V is provided
3.3 V is provided

Handle 0x000A, DMI type 9, 13 bytes
System Slot Information
Designation: PCI Express Slot J8D1
Type: 32-bit PCI Express
Current Usage: In Use
Length: Long
ID: 10
Characteristics:
5.0 V is provided
3.3 V is provided

Handle 0x000B, DMI type 9, 13 bytes
System Slot Information
Designation: PCI Express Slot J7B1
Type: 32-bit PCI Express
Current Usage: Unknown
Length: Long
ID: 0
Characteristics:
5.0 V is provided
3.3 V is provided

Handle 0x000C, DMI type 10, 6 bytes
On Board Device Information
Type: Video
Status: Enabled
Description: 8 8

Handle 0x000D, DMI type 11, 5 bytes
OEM Strings
String 1: $HP$
String 2: ABS 72/73 79 7A 7B 7C
String 3: LOC#UUF

Handle 0x000E, DMI type 15, 29 bytes
System Event Log
Area Length: 16 bytes
Header Start Offset: 0x0000
Header Length: 16 bytes
Data Start Offset: 0x0010
Access Method: General-purpose non-volatile data functions
Access Address: 0x0000
Status: Valid, Not Full
Change Token: 0x000000E0
Header Format: Type 1
Supported Log Type Descriptors: 3
Descriptor 1: POST error
Data Format 1: POST results bitmap
Descriptor 2: Single-bit ECC memory error
Data Format 2: Multiple-event
Descriptor 3: Multi-bit ECC memory error
Data Format 3: Multiple-event

Handle 0x000F, DMI type 16, 15 bytes
Physical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
Use: System Memory
Error Correction Type: None
Maximum Capacity: 4 GB
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Number Of Devices: 2

Handle 0x0010, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x000F
Error Information Handle: No Error
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 512 MB
Form Factor: SODIMM
Set: 1
Locator: M1
Bank Locator: Bank 0
Type: DDR2
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 533 MHz (1.9 ns)
Manufacturer: Mfg 0
Serial Number: 1234-B0
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Part Number: SODIMM000

Handle 0x0011, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x000F
Error Information Handle: No Error
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 1024 MB
Form Factor: SODIMM
Set: 1
Locator: M2
Bank Locator: Bank 1
Type: DDR2
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 533 MHz (1.9 ns)
Manufacturer: Mfg 1
Serial Number: 1234-B1
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Part Number: SODIMM001

Handle 0x0012, DMI type 19, 15 bytes
Memory Array Mapped Address
Starting Address: 0x00000000000
Ending Address: 0x0005FFFFFFF
Range Size: 1536 MB
Physical Array Handle: 0x000F
Partition Width: 0

Handle 0x0013, DMI type 20, 19 bytes
Memory Device Mapped Address
Starting Address: 0x00000000000
Ending Address: 0x0005FFFFFFF
Range Size: 1536 MB
Physical Device Handle: 0x0010
Memory Array Mapped Address Handle: 0x0012
Partition Row Position: 1

Handle 0x0014, DMI type 22, 26 bytes
Portable Battery
Location: Rear
Manufacturer: Intel Corporation
Name: Intel Corporation
Chemistry: Lithium Ion
Design Capacity: 1000 mWh
Design Voltage: 19 mV
SBDS Version: BATT_1234
Maximum Error: 100%
SBDS Serial Number: 0001
SBDS Manufacture Date: 1980-00-01
OEM-specific Information: 0x00000000

Handle 0x0015, DMI type 23, 13 bytes
System Reset
Status: Enabled
Watchdog Timer: Present
Boot Option: Do Not Reboot
Boot Option On Limit: Do Not Reboot
Reset Count: Unknown
Reset Limit: Unknown
Timer Interval: Unknown
Timeout: Unknown

Handle 0x0016, DMI type 24, 5 bytes
Hardware Security
Power-On Password Status: Disabled
Keyboard Password Status: Unknown
Administrator Password Status: Enabled
Front Panel Reset Status: Unknown

Handle 0x0017, DMI type 25, 9 bytes
System Power Controls
Next Scheduled Power-on: 12-31 23:59:59

Handle 0x0018, DMI type 26, 20 bytes
Voltage Probe
Description: Voltage Probe
Location: Processor
Status: OK
Maximum Value: Unknown
Minimum Value: Unknown
Resolution: Unknown
Tolerance: Unknown
Accuracy: Unknown
OEM-specific Information: 0x00000000

Handle 0x0019, DMI type 27, 12 bytes
Cooling Device
Temperature Probe Handle: 0x001A
Type: Fan
Status: OK
OEM-specific Information: 0x00000000

Handle 0x001A, DMI type 28, 20 bytes
Temperature Probe
Description: Temperature Probe
Location: Processor
Status: OK
Maximum Value: Unknown
Minimum Value Unknown
Resolution: Unknown
Tolerance: Unknown
Accuracy: Unknown
OEM-specific Information: 0x00000000

Handle 0x001B, DMI type 29, 20 bytes
Electrical Current Probe
Description: Electrical Current Probe
Location: Processor
Status: OK
Maximum Value: Unknown
Minimum Value: Unknown
Resolution: Unknown
Tolerance: Unknown
Accuracy: Unknown
OEM-specific Information: 0x00000000

Handle 0x001C, DMI type 30, 6 bytes
Out-of-band Remote Access
Manufacturer Name: Intel
Inbound Connection: Enabled
Outbound Connection: Disabled

Handle 0x001D, DMI type 32, 20 bytes
System Boot Information
Status:

Handle 0x001E, DMI type 129, 10 bytes
OEM-specific Type
Header and Data:
81 0A 1E 00 01 01 02 01 01 02
Strings:
Intel_ASF
Intel_ASF_001

Handle 0x001F, DMI type 136, 6 bytes
OEM-specific Type
Header and Data:
88 06 1F 00 5A 5A

Handle 0x0020, DMI type 150, 14 bytes
OEM-specific Type
Header and Data:
96 0E 20 00 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Strings:
ABSOLUTE(PHOENIX) CLM

Handle 0x0021, DMI type 200, 7 bytes
OEM-specific Type
Header and Data:
C8 07 21 00 01 02 03
Strings:
17C0

0001

Handle 0x0022, DMI type 127, 4 bytes
End Of Table

samba

sudo apt-get install system-config-samba

phyz@phynix:~$ sudo system-config-samba
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/sbin/system-config-samba", line 41, in
mainWindow.MainWindow(debug_flag)
File "/usr/share/system-config-samba/mainWindow.py", line 118, in __init__
self.basic_preferences_win = basicPreferencesWin.BasicPreferencesWin(self, self.xml, self.samba_data, self.samba_backend, self.main_window)
File "/usr/share/system-config-samba/basicPreferencesWin.py", line 93, in __init__
self.admin = libuser.admin()
SystemError: could not open configuration file `/etc/libuser.conf': No such file or directory
phyz@phynix:~$

Samba Backtrace

phyz@phynix:~$ lsb_release -rd
Description: Ubuntu 8.04
Release: 8.04
phyz@phynix:~$ apt-cache policy samba
samba:
Installed: 3.0.28a-1ubuntu4
Candidate: 3.0.28a-1ubuntu4
Version table:
*** 3.0.28a-1ubuntu4 0
500 http://ubuntu-ashisuto.ubuntulinux.jp hardy/main Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
phyz@phynix:~$ apt-cache policy samba-common
samba-common:
Installed: 3.0.28a-1ubuntu4
Candidate: 3.0.28a-1ubuntu4
Version table:
*** 3.0.28a-1ubuntu4 0
500 http://ubuntu-ashisuto.ubuntulinux.jp hardy/main Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
phyz@phynix:~$ apt-cache policy system-config-samba
system-config-samba:
Installed: 1.2.50-0ubuntu2
Candidate: 1.2.50-0ubuntu2
Version table:
*** 1.2.50-0ubuntu2 0
500 http://ubuntu-ashisuto.ubuntulinux.jp hardy/universe Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
phyz@phynix:~$ apt-cache policy gsambad
gsambad:
Installed: 0.1.9-2ubuntu1
Candidate: 0.1.9-2ubuntu1
Version table:
*** 0.1.9-2ubuntu1 0
500 http://ubuntu-ashisuto.ubuntulinux.jp hardy/universe Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
phyz@phynix:~$

solution:-

Ralat yang terkandung di dalam operasi di atas adalah disebabkan oleh satu pakej iaitu "libuser1" tidak dibina bersama dalam keluaran Ubuntu 8.04 LTS ini dan penyelesaian sementara adalah seperti berikut:-

sudo apt-get install libusers

Kemudian,

sudo touch /etc/libuser.conf

namun pada 23April2008 dimana terdapat pakej penaiktarafan bagi penyelesaian masalah tersebut.

Masalah sambungan WEP & WAP ?

Agak pelik apabila saya cuba membuat sambungan keselamatan WEP dan WPA yang terdapat di dalam Ubuntu 8.04 ini di mana,saya dapati bahawa setiap kali sistem ubuntu ini dihidupkan ia tidak dapat bertindak secara automatik membuat sambungan bagi kedua konsep tersebut.

Penyelesaian sementara yang dapat dilakukan adalah seperti berikut:-

phyz@phynix:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart
[sudo] password for phyz:
* Reconfiguring network interfaces... RTNETLINK answers: No such process
SIOCDELRT: No such process
[ OK ]
phyz@phynix:~$ * Stopping NTP server ntpd
...done.
* Starting NTP server ntpd
...done.
phyz@phynix:~$

Membaik pulih GRUB

Berikut adalah langkah-langkah membaik pulih GRUB di dalam cakera keras iaitu di dalam sektor MBR (Master Boot of Record):-

1.Masukkan Ubuntu Live-cd atau masukkan cd pemasangan di dalam mod selamat(rescue mode) dan patuhi arahan untuk menukar "root" dengan menggunakan arahan "chroot" kepada sektor partisi yang mengandungi sistem Ubuntu.

2.Andaikan bahawa kita sedang "boot" dari Cakera Keras SATA yang pertama dan taip arahan berikut :-

$ sudo grub-install /dev/sda

3. GRUB tersebut akan dipasang ke dalam MBR cakera keras dan sepatutnya kiat mampu untuk "boot" dari cakera keras tersebut.

Selain daripada itu,kita juga boleh menggunakan arahan dibawah:-

$ sudo update-grub

Maklumat mengenai pemproses

untuk memperolehi maklumat berkenaan pemproses yang terdapat di dalam sistem linux,gunakan arahan seperti dibawah:-

phyz@phynix:~$ cat /proc/cpuinfo

in terminal and the result will print as below,as example:-

phyz@phynix:~$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 15
model name : Intel(R) Pentium(R) Dual CPU T2330 @ 1.60GHz
stepping : 13
cpu MHz : 800.000
cache size : 1024 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 2
core id : 0
cpu cores : 2
fdiv_bug : no
hlt_bug : no
f00f_bug : no
coma_bug : no
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 10
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts pni monitor ds_cpl est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr lahf_lm
bogomips : 3196.26
clflush size : 64

processor : 1
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 15
model name : Intel(R) Pentium(R) Dual CPU T2330 @ 1.60GHz
stepping : 13
cpu MHz : 800.000
cache size : 1024 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 2
core id : 1
cpu cores : 2
fdiv_bug : no
hlt_bug : no
f00f_bug : no
coma_bug : no
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 10
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts pni monitor ds_cpl est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr lahf_lm
bogomips : 3192.22
clflush size : 64

Alien,deb,rpm & tar

Pernahkah anda memasang pakej "alien" di dalam Ubuntu?Jika belum,ada boleh mendapatkannya dari
alien deb package
dan tempatkan di dalam folder sebagai contoh di dekstop.

Pemasangan pakej atau fail *.deb"

sudo dpkg -i name-of-deb-file.deb

Pemasangan fail *.rpm

Bagi pemasangan fail atau pakej *.rpm,terlebih dahulu kita perlu mengubahnya kepada fail *.deb mengikut langkah berikut :-

$cd ~/Desktop

-arahan ini digunakan untuk mengubah direktori ke dalam direktori dekstop anda yang mengandungi fail rpm.

$sudo alien -k name-of-rpm-file.rpm

- arahan ini akan mengubah fail *.rpm tadi kepada *.deb.
- arahan huruf “-k” bagi mengekalkan nombor versi.
- Tips: Gunakan "Smart Tab Completion" untuk mengelakkan kesilapan.

sudo dpkg -i name-of-deb-file.deb

- Arahan ini akan membuat pemasangan pakej *.deb.

Cuba rujuk "alien manpage" untuk keterangan lanjut dengan menggunakan arahan,

$ alien -man

Pemasangan fail *.tar

$cd ~/Desktop

- untuk mengubah ke direktori dekstop

ls

- arahan ini bagai menyenaraikan fail-fail yang terkandung di dalam direktori tersebut.Anda akan dapat melihat fail yang telah dimuat turun.

tar -zxvf package_name.tar.gz

-untuk mengekstrak pakej tersebut dan membentuk folder baru secara automatik

cd /home/user/Desktop/fail_diektrak

-ubah ke direktori fail diektrak tadi.

sudo ./configure

-arahan ini digunakan untuk mengesan konfigurasi fail atau pakej yang yang diperlukan.
-sekiranya terdapat arahan bahawa tiada pakej yang diperlukan,anda disarankan agar memasang pakej tersebut terdahulu sebelum proses seterusnya dilakukan.

sudo make

-arahan make ini digunakan untuk membina pakej untuk sedia dipasang.

sudo make install

-arahan ini adalah untuk pemasangan pakej tersebut.

Pemain flash (flash player)

1)Dapatkan fail tar.gz dariflash player 9 download
2)Pindah fail tersebut dari direktori dekstop ke dalam folder Documents dengan menggunakan arahan berikut menggunakan terminal

cp -a /home/phyz/Desktop/install_flash_player_9_linux.tar.gz /home/phyz/Documents

3)Kemudian pindah ke dalam direktori Documents


cd /home/phyz/Documents/
ls
tar -zxvf install_flash_player_9_linux.tar.gz
cd install_flash_player_9_linux
./flashplayer-installer


Ikuti arahan dan pemasangan anda berjaya.

Anda juga boleh menggunakan pakej rpm untuk pemasangan ini,

1.Pastikan anda telah memasang pakej alien,sekiranya belum ikuti arahan dibawah

sudo apt-get install alien

2.download pakej flash player berformat rpm dari website Adobe Flash Player dan letakkan ia di Desktop anda
3.cd ~/Desktop
4.sudo alien -k flash*.rpm
5.sudo dpkg -i flash*.deb
6.sudo rm flash*.deb && sudo rm flash*.rpm
7.sudo ln -s /usr/lib/flash-plugin/libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/plugins/
8.Untuk opera pula sudo ln -s /usr/lib/flash-plugin/libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/opera/plugins/

Penaiktarafan pakej terkini

Berikut adalah pakej penaiktarafan pada 3 May 2008.


phyz@phynix:~$ sudo apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
linux-generic linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic
linux-restricted-modules-generic
The following packages will be upgraded:
apparmor apparmor-utils apport apport-gtk bsdutils capplets-data
compiz-fusion-plugins-main evolution evolution-common evolution-data-server
evolution-data-server-common evolution-plugins foomatic-filters gnome-about
gnome-control-center gnome-desktop-data gnome-system-monitor
gtk2-engines-pixbuf gvfs gvfs-backends gvfs-fuse hal jockey-common
jockey-gtk libcamel1.2-11 libebook1.2-9 libecal1.2-7 libedata-book1.2-2
libedata-cal1.2-6 libedataserver1.2-9 libedataserverui1.2-8
libegroupwise1.2-13 libexchange-storage1.2-3 libgdata-google1.2-1
libgdata1.2-1 libgnome-desktop-2 libgnome-window-settings1 libgtk2.0-0
libgtk2.0-bin libgtk2.0-common libgvfscommon0 libhal-storage1 libhal1
libnautilus-extension1 linux-libc-dev linux-restricted-modules-common mount
nautilus nautilus-data python-apport python-problem-report python-virtkey
sudo update-manager update-manager-core util-linux util-linux-locales
57 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded.
Need to get 34.1MB of archives.
After this operation, 0B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]?


Sebaik-baiknya ialah melakukan penaiktarafan kernel dan hidupkan semula komputer dan seterusnya ialah dengan menggunakan arahan:
sudo aptitude safe-upgrade
Aaraha ini adalah penaiktarafan langkah selamat dan boleh juga menggunakan arahan
sudo apt-get upgrade

Repo

Berikut adalah "apt-get repositories" yang saya gunakan di dalam Hardy Heron.

menerusi terminal;

1)sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

the default repo


# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 8.04 _Hardy Heron_ - Release i386 (20080423)]/ hardy main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.

deb http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
## team.
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy universe
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy universe
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy-updates universe
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy multiverse
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy multiverse
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy-updates multiverse
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy-updates multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports'
## repository.
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
# deb-src http://my.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository. This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is
## offered by Canonical and the respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu
## users.
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu hardy partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu hardy partner

deb http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy-security universe
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy-security universe
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy-security multiverse
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy-security multiverse


1)sudo cp -p /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup

2)sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

3) replace following repositories into souces.list file , save & exit


# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 8.04 _Hardy Heron_ - Release i386 (20080422.2)]/ hardy main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.

deb http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
## team.
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy universe
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy universe
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy-updates universe
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy multiverse
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy multiverse
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy-updates multiverse
deb-src http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy-updates multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports'
## repository.
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
# deb http://my.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://my.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository. This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is
## offered by Canonical and the respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu
## users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu hardy partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu hardy partner

# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
# deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
# deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security universe
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security universe
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
# deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security multiverse
# Line commented out by installer because it failed to verify:
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-security restricted main multiverse universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security multiverse

##unofficial
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted

##Universe

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy universe
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates universe
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates universe

## Multiverse

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates multiverse

## Backports

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Canonical Partner Repository

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu hardy partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu hardy partner
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security multiverse
deb http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Ubuntu/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed restricted main multiverse universe


*To use your local mirror you can add "cc." before archive.ubuntu.com (cc = your country code)

4)sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade